|
Kimberley is a town in South Africa, and the capital of the Northern Cape. It is located at 28.742 deg S 24.772 deg E. near the Vaal River, and is serviced by the nearby Kimberley Airport.
In 1866, Erasmus Jacobs found a small white pebble on the banks of the Orange River, on the farm "De Kalk" leased from local Griquas, near Hopetown. The pebble turned out to be a 21.25 caret (4.25 g) diamond. In 1871, an even larger 83.50 carat (16.7 g) diamond was found on the slopes of Colesberg Kopje, and led to the first diamond rush into the area. As miners arrived in their thousands, the hill disappeared, and became known as the "Big Hole". A town, New Rush, was formed in the area, and was renamed to Kimberley on 5 June 1873, after the British Secretary of State for the Colonies at the time, John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley. The British, who had control of much of South Africa, were prompt to annex the area of the diamond mine.
The largest company to operate a diamond mine in South Africa was the De Beers Company, owned by Cecil Rhodes. Very quickly, Kimberley became the largest city in the area, mostly due to a massive African migration to the area from all over the continent. The immigrants were accepted with open arms, because the De Beers company was in search of cheap labour to run the mines with.
Five big holes were dug into the earth, which followed the kimberlite pipes. The largest, The Kimberley mine or "Big Hole" covering 170 000 m, reached a depth of 1 097 m and yielded 3 tons of diamonds. The mine was closed in 1914, while three of the holes – Du Toitspan, Wesselton and Bultfontein – closed down in 2005.
On 2 September 1882, Kimberley became the first town in the southern hemisphere install electric street lighting.
The rising importance of Kimberley led to one of the earliest South African and International Exhibitions to be staged in Kimberley in 1892. It was opened by Sir Henry Loch, the then Governor of the Cape of Good Hope on the 8th of September. It presented exhibits of art, an exhibition of paintings from the royal collection of Queen Victoria and mining machinery and implements amongst other items. The exhibition aroused considerable interest at international level, which resulted in a competition for display space
South Africa's first school of mines was opened in 1896 at Kimberley and later relocated to Johannesburg, becoming the core of the University of Witwatersrand.
In 1913, South Africa's first flying school opened in Kimberley and started training pilots of the South African Aviation Corps, later to become the South African Air Force.
Kimberley also housed South Africa's first stock exchange.
|
